Collateral consequences of criminal conviction are the additional civil state penalties, mandated by statute, that attach to criminal convictions. They are not part of the direct consequences of criminal conviction, such as incarceration, fines, or probation. They are the further civil actions by the state that are triggered as a consequence of the conviction. They include loss or restriction of a professional license, ineligibility for public funds including welfare benefits and student loans, loss of voting rights, ineligibility for jury duty, and deportation for immigrants, including, in the case of the United States, those who, while not U.S. citizens, hold permanent resident status.