The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing (, ; ) is an Arabic treatise on mathematics written by Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī around AD 820 while he was in the Abbasid capital of Baghdad. Translated into Latin by Robert of Chester in the mid-12th century, it introduced the term "algebra" (, al-ğabr) to European languages including English. The Compendious Book provided an exhaustive account of solving for the positive roots of polynomial equations up to the second degree.