Roland Burrage Dixon (November 6, 1875 – December 19, 1934) was an American anthropologist, born at Worcester, Mass. In 1897 he graduated from Harvard University, where he remained as an assistant in anthropology, taking the degree of Ph. D. in 1900 and then serving as instructor and after 1906 as an assistant professor. He was vice president of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1910-11 and president of the American Folklore Society from 1907 to 1909. He was professor at Harvard after 1916 and member of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace (1916–18) in Paris. Professor Dixon was a contributor to anthropological and ethnological journals.