Lise Meitner (7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian
physicist who worked on
radioactivity and
nuclear physics.
Otto Hahn and Meitner led the small group of scientists who first discovered
nuclear fission of uranium when it absorbed an extra
neutron; the results were published in early 1939. Meitner and
Otto Frisch understood that the fission process, which splits the atomic nucleus of uranium into two smaller nuclei, must be accompanied by an enormous release of energy. This process is the basis of the
nuclear weapons that were developed in the U.S. during World War II and used against Japan in 1945. Nuclear fission is also the process exploited by
nuclear reactors to generate electricity.