The Kingdom of Pamplona is the historiographic name, according to the Royal Frankish Annals, used to denominate the political entity that took form across the western Pyrenees and around the city of Pamplona during the first centuries of the Iberian Reconquista. It was thus one of the Christian political entities  that arose on northern Iberia following the conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom by the Islamic Umayyad Caliphate in the early 8th century. The kingdom has its origins in the County of Pamplona, one of the buffer states established by the Frankish king Charlemagne in order to stop the progress of the Islamic caliphate that controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula. The city of Pamplona (Latin: Pompaelo), had been the main city of the indigenous Vasconic population and was located amid the Vasconic region, in a predominantly Basque-speaking area. In the year 824 Íñigo Arista, initially with support of the Caliphate of Córdoba and the Muladi Banu Qasi family, founded the Kingdom of Pamplona. Starting in the 10th century the Kingdom would break its formal alliance with Córdoba and would start expanding militarily, establishing strong links with the Christian Kingdom of Leon. A series of dynasties would follow one another, until the year 1162 when the King Sancho IV would change his title from King of Pamplona to King of Navarre, and thus giving form to the Kingdom of Navarre.