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Wave function collapse
In
quantum mechanics
,
wave function collapse
is said to occur when a
wave function
—initially in a
superposition
of several
eigenstates
—appears to reduce to a single eigenstate (by "observation"). It is the essence of
measurement in quantum mechanics
and connects the wave function with classical
observables
such as
position
and
momentum
. Collapse is one of two ways in which
quantum systems
change; the other is continuous evolution via the
Schrödinger equation
. However, in this role, collapse is merely a
black box
for
thermodynamically irreversible
interaction with a classical environment. Calculations of
quantum decoherence
predict
apparent
wave function collapse when a superposition forms between the quantum system's states and the environment's states. Significantly, the combined wave function of the system and environment continue to obey the
Schrödinger equation
.
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