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Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
also known as the
vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
or
VIP
is a
peptide hormone
containing 28
amino acid
residue
s. VIP is a neuropeptide that belongs to a glucagon/secretin superfamily, the ligand of class II G protein-coupled receptors. VIP is produced in many tissues of
vertebrates
including the
gut
,
pancreas
, and
suprachiasmatic nuclei
of the
hypothalamus
in the
brain
. VIP stimulates
contractility
in the heart, causes
vasodilation
, increases
glycogenolysis
, lowers arterial
blood pressure
and relaxes the smooth muscle of
trachea
, stomach and
gall bladder
. In humans, the vasoactive intestinal peptide is encoded by the
VIP
gene
.
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