Superantigens (SAgs) are a class of
antigens that cause non-specific activation of
T-cells resulting in polyclonal T cell activation and massive
cytokine release. SAgs are produced by some
pathogenic viruses and
bacteria most likely as a defense mechanism against the immune system. Compared to a normal
antigen-induced
T-cell response where .0001-.001% of the body’s T-cells are activated, these SAgs are capable of activating up to 25% of the body’s T-cells. Furthermore, Anti-
CD3 and Anti-
CD28 Antibodies (
CD28-SuperMAB) have also shown to be highly potent superantigens (and can activate up to 100% of T cells).