Revenge is a form of primitive
justice usually assumed to be enacted in the absence of the norms of formal
law and
jurisprudence. Often, revenge is defined as being a harmful action against a person or group in response to a grievance, be it real or perceived. It is used to right a wrong by going outside of the law. This is because the individual taking revenge feels as though the law will not do justice. Revenge is also known as
payback,
retribution,
retaliation or
vengeance; it may be characterized as a form of justice (not to be confused with
retributive justice), an
altruistic action which enforces societal or moral justice aside from the legal system.
Francis Bacon described it as a kind of "wild justice" that "does... offend the law [and] putteth the law out of office". Primitive justice or retributive justice is often differentiated from more formal and refined forms of justice such as
distributive justice and
theological justice.