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Non-covalent interactions
A
non-covalent interaction
differs from a
covalent bond
in that it does not involve the sharing of
electrons
, but rather involves more dispersed variations of
electromagnetic interactions
between
molecules
or within a molecule. The
chemical energy
released in the formation of non-covalent interactions is typically on the order of 1-5 kcal/
mol
(1000–5000 calories per 6.02 x 10^23 molecules). Non-covalent interactions can be generally classified into four categories,
electrostatic
,
p-effects
,
van der Waals forces
, and
hydrophobic effects
.
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