The five
counties of Hawaii on the
Hawaiian Islands enjoy somewhat greater status than many
counties on the
United States mainland. Counties in Hawaii are the only legally constituted government bodies below that of the state. No formal level of government (such as city governments) exists below that of the county in Hawaii. (Even Honolulu is governed as the
City and County of Honolulu, a county that covers the entire island of Oahu.) Unlike the other 49
states, Hawaii does not delegate educational responsibility to local school boards; public education is carried out by the
Hawaii State Department of Education. Hawaiian counties collect
property taxes and user fees in order to support road maintenance, community activities, parks (including life guards at beach parks), garbage collection, police (the
state police force, called the
Hawaii Department of Public Safety, is limited in scope), ambulance, and fire suppression services. All the counties were created in 1905 from unorganized territory, seven years after the
Territory of Hawaii was created. The
county of Kalawao is used exclusively as a
leper colony, and does not have many of the elected officials the other counties do.