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Kingdom of Gwynedd
The
Principality
or
Kingdom of Gwynedd
(
Latin
:
Venedotia
or
Norwallia
;
Middle Welsh
:
Guynet
,) was one of several successor states to
Rome
which emerged in
5th-century Britain
during the
Coming of the Saxons
. Based in northwest
Wales
, the
rulers of Gwynedd
repeatedly rose to preeminence and were acclaimed as "
King of the Britons
" before losing their power in civil wars or invasions. The unitary kingdom of the usurper
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
was shattered by a
Saxon invasion in 1063
just prior to the arrival of the
Normans
, but the
traditional dynasty
restored by
Gruffudd ap Cynan
slowly recovered until
Llywelyn the Great
of Gwynedd was able to proclaim the
Principality of Wales
at
Aberdyfi
in 1216. That realm lasted until the
invasions
of
Edward I
in 1283.
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