In
linguistics and in
philosophy of language, an
indexical behavior or
utterance points to (or
indicates) some state of affairs. For example,
I refers to whoever is speaking;
now refers to the time at which that word is uttered; and
here refers to the place of utterance. For
Charles Sanders Peirce, indexicality is one of three sign modalities (see further down), and is a phenomenon far broader than language; that which, independently of interpretation, points to something — such as smoke (an index of fire) or a pointing finger — works indexically for interpretation. Social indexicality in the human realm has been regarded as including any sign (clothing, speech variety, table manners) that points to, and helps create, social identity.