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Cosmogenic nuclide
Cosmogenic nuclides
(or
cosmogenic isotopes
) are rare
isotopes
created when a high-energy
cosmic ray
interacts with the
nucleus
of an
in situ
Solar System
atom
, causing
cosmic ray spallation
. These isotopes are produced within Earth materials such as
rock
s or
soil
, in
Earth's
atmosphere
, and in extraterrestrial items such as
meteorites
. By measuring cosmogenic isotopes,
scientists
are able to gain insight into a range of
geological
and
astronomical
processes. There are both
radioactive
and
stable
cosmogenic isotopes. Some of these radioisotopes are
tritium
,
carbon-14
and
phosphorus-32
.
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