An
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (plural
mycorrhizae or
mycorrhizas, a.k.a.
endomycorrhiza,
AM fungi, or AMF) is a type of
mycorrhiza in which the
fungus penetrates the
cortical cells of the roots of a
vascular plant. (Not to be confused with
ectomycorrhiza or
ericoid mycorrhiza.) Arbuscular mycorrhizas are characterized by the formation of unique structures, arbuscules and
vesicles by fungi of the phylum
Glomeromycota. AM fungi help plants to capture
nutrients such as
phosphorus,
sulfur,
nitrogen and micronutrients from the soil. It is believed that the development of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis played a crucial role in the initial colonisation of land by plants and in the evolution of the vascular plants.