Mass evacuation,
forced displacement,
expulsion,
and deportation of millions of people took place across most countries involved in
World War II. A number of these phenomena were categorised as violations of fundamental human values and norms by the
Nuremberg Tribunal after the war ended. The mass movement of people – most of them refugees – has either been caused by the hostilities, or enforced by the former Axis and the Allied powers based on ideologies of race and ethnicity, culminating in the postwar border changes enacted by the international settlements. The refugee crisis created across formerly occupied territories in World War II provided the context for much of the new international
refugee and global
human rights architecture existing today.