In the
War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814), a coalition of
Austria,
Prussia,
Russia, the
United Kingdom,
Portugal,
Sweden,
Spain and a number of
German states finally defeated
France and drove
Napoleon into exile on
Elba. After the disastrous
French invasion of Russia, the continental powers joined Russia, the United Kingdom, Portugal and the rebels in Spain. With their armies reorganized, they drove Napoleon out of Germany in 1813 and invaded France in 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate and
restoring the Bourbons.