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Von Neumann architecture
The
von Neumann architecture
, also known as the
von Neumann model
and
Princeton architecture
, is a
computer architecture
based on that described in 1945 by the mathematician and physicist
John von Neumann
and others in the
First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC
. This describes a design architecture for an electronic
digital computer
with parts consisting of a processing unit containing an
arithmetic logic unit
and
processor registers
, a
control unit
containing an
instruction register
and
program counter
, a
memory
to store both
data
and
instructions
, external
mass storage
, and
input and output
mechanisms. The meaning has evolved to be any
stored-program computer
in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common
bus
. This is referred to as the von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system.
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