The
United States presidential election of 1920 was the 34th quadrennial
presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1920. The
Republicans nominated newspaper publisher and Senator
Warren G. Harding, while the
Democrats chose newspaper publisher and Governor
James M. Cox. Incumbent
President Woodrow Wilson, a Democrat, chose not to run for a third term. Former president
Theodore Roosevelt had been the frontrunner for the Republican nomination, but his health collapsed in 1918. He died in January 1919, leaving no obvious heir to his
progressive legacy. As a result, both major parties ultimately turned to little-known
dark horse candidates from the electoral-vote-rich state of Ohio. To help his campaign, Cox chose future president
Franklin D. Roosevelt (a fifth cousin of Theodore) as his running mate. Harding virtually ignored Cox and essentially campaigned against Wilson, calling for a return to "
normalcy." With an almost 4-to-1 spending advantage, Harding won a landslide victory by winning 37 states, including the first Republican victories in
Arizona,
New Mexico and
Oklahoma (then the three
most recently ratified U.S states).