The Problem of Pain is a 1940 book by C. S. Lewis in which he seeks to provide an intellectual Christian response to questions about suffering. The book addresses an important aspect of theodicy, an attempt by one Christian layman to reconcile orthodox Christian belief in a just, loving and omnipotent God with pain and suffering.

Problem of pain can mean:

• the problem of evil, the central concern of theodicy
• The Problem of Pain, a book about that topic by C. S. Lewis