Sophism is a method of teaching. In ancient Greece,
sophists were a category of teachers who specialized in using the techniques of
philosophy and
rhetoric for the purpose of teaching
arete — "excellence" or "virtue" — predominantly to young statesmen and nobility. The practice of charging money for education and providing wisdom only to those who could pay led to the condemnations made by
Socrates, through
Plato in his dialogues, as well as
Xenophon's
Memorabilia. Through works such as these, Sophists were portrayed as "" or "deceptive", hence the modern meaning of the term.