Rother is a local government district in East Sussex, England. The district is named after the River Rother which flows within its boundaries.

Rother (or Röther) is a surname. It can refer to:

• Anthony Rother (born 1972), German electronic music composer, producer and label owner
• Artur Rother (1885–1972), German opera conductor
• Caitlin Rother (born ?), Canadian-born U.S. author and journalist
• Helene Rother (1908–1999), German-born U.S. automotive and industrial designer
• Jason Rother (1969–1988), United States Marine Corps Lance Corporal whose abandonment caused a scandal
• Joachim Rother (born 1948), German Olympian backstroke swimmer
• Leopold Rother (1894–1978), German architect, urban planner, and educator
• Michael Rother (born 1950), German experimental musician and composer
• Mike Rother (born 1958), U.S. engineer, researcher, teacher, and public speaker
• Sabine Röther (born 1957), East German handball player and Olympic competitor
• Stanley Rother (1935–1981), U.S. Catholic priest, missionary to Guatemala, and murder victim
• Wilfried Rother (born 1990), French footballer