The Republic of New Granada was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Ecuador, and Venezuela. It was created after the dissolution in 1830 of Gran Colombia. The Republic was established after the dissolution of the Republic of Colombia (Great Colombia) with secession of Ecuador (Quito, Guayaquil and Azuay) and Venezuela (with Orinoco, Apure and Zulia) and was formed by the departments of Boyaca, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena and Istmo, all in the current Republic of Colombia (except Istmo, now Panama). On November 1831 those departments created the Republic of Nueva Granada, but nothing was established about symbols. Old symbols were confirmed provisional by the National Convention of 17 December 1831. It is not clear what flag it was: Restrepo believes that it is the flag with two cornucopias of Great Colombia. While new symbols were discussed some proposals were issued. On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Great Colombian colors in Veles arrangement. Merchant ensign has the eighpointed star in white. In 1851 a new civil war broke out when conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia, led by Manuel Ibánez, Julio Arboleda and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López, trying to stop the process of freeing the slaves, and in addition to a number of religious issues.