Pompei is a city and comune in the Metropolitan City of Naples in Italy, famous for its ancient Roman ruins. In 2010 its population was 25,671.

Pompeii was an ancient Roman town-city near modern Naples, in the Campania region of Italy, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area, was mostly destroyed and buried under of volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD.