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Enlightenment in Poland
The ideas of the
Age of Enlightenment
in
Poland
were developed later than in the
Western Europe
, as Polish
bourgeoisie
was weaker, and
szlachta
(nobility) culture (
Sarmatism
) together with the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
political system
(
Golden Liberty
) were in deep crisis. The period of Polish Enlightenment began in the 1730s–40s, peaked in the reign of
Poland's last king
,
Stanislaw August Poniatowski
(second half of the 18th century), went into decline with the
Third Partition of Poland
(1795) – a national tragedy inspiring a short period of sentimental writing – and ended in 1822, replaced by
Romanticism
.
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