Mine La Motte is an
unincorporated community in
Madison County,
Missouri,
United States. It is located about six miles north of
Fredericktown. Europeans discovered lead here and had also hoped to find silver. The French Governor of Louisiana
Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac failed to find silver, but succeeded in recruiting investors in
The Company of the West which was organized in 1717. Mine La Motte was eventually settled by about 200 French settlers along their
slaves from
Santo Domingo, under the leadership of
Philip François Renault, to develop mines in 1717 making it one of the oldest settlements west of the Mississippi River. The presence of
lead, a critical ingredient for
ammunition, attracted unusually early mining by
French colonists in this otherwise remote interior region of the North American continent. La Mothe named the mine after himself, and the town that grew up nearby was named after the mine. While dispatching workers and supervisors to the mines, La Mothe settled for a time in the
Illinois Country east of the mid-
Mississippi River, where the first French colonial villages were founded. In 1804 the village had a population of 150 inhabitants. These settlers were mostly
French Canadians who developed agriculture. Due to the rich soils, they were quickly able to produce grain surpluses that were critical to the survival of the lower Louisiana colony. The
habitants shipped tons of grain to New Orleans and other points south on the Mississippi River. La Mothe later served as Governor-General of
Louisiana.