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March 17
Events
45 BC
– In his last victory,
Julius Caesar
defeats the
Pompeian
forces of
Titus Labienus
and
Pompey the Younger
in the
Battle of Munda
.
180
–
Marcus Aurelius
dies leaving
Commodus
the sole emperor of the
Roman Empire
.
455
–
Petronius Maximus
becomes, with support of the
Roman Senate
, emperor of the
Western Roman Empire
.
624
– Led by
Muhammad
, the Muslims of
Medina
defeat the
Quraysh
of
Mecca
in the
Battle of Badr
.
1001
– The
King
of
Butuan
in the
Philippines
sends a tributary mission to the
Song dynasty
of China.
1337
–
Edward, the Black Prince
is made
Duke of Cornwall
, the first
Duchy
in England.
1452
– The
Battle of Los Alporchones
is fought in the context of the Spanish
Reconquista
between the
Emirate of Granada
and the combined forces of the
Kingdom of Castile
and
Murcia
resulting in a Christian victory.
1560
–
Fort Coligny
on
Villegagnon Island
in
Rio de Janeiro
is attacked and destroyed during the
Portuguese
campaign against
France Antarctique
.
1677
– The
Siege of Valenciennes
, during the
Franco-Dutch War
, ends with France's taking of the city.
1776
–
American Revolution
: British forces
evacuate
Boston
, ending the
Siege of Boston
, after
George Washington
and
Henry Knox
place artillery
in positions overlooking the city.
1780
– American Revolution: George Washington grants the
Continental Army
a
holiday
"as an act of solidarity with the Irish in their fight for independence".
1805
– The
Italian Republic
, with
Napoleon
as president, becomes the
Kingdom of Italy
, with Napoleon as King.
1842
– The
Relief Society
of
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
is formed;
1860
– The
First Taranaki War
begins in Taranaki, New Zealand, a major phase of the
New Zealand land wars
.
1861
– The
Kingdom of Italy
is proclaimed.
1891
– collides with in the
Bay of Gibraltar
and sinks, killing 562 of the 880 passengers on board.
1921
– The
Second Polish Republic
adopts the
March Constitution
.
1939
–
Second Sino-Japanese War
:
Battle of Nanchang
between the
Kuomintang
and
Japan
begins,
1941
– In Washington, D.C., the
National Gallery of Art
is officially opened by President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
.
1942
–
Holocaust
: The first Jews from the
Lvov Ghetto
are gassed at the
Belzec
death camp in what is today eastern Poland.
1945
– The
Ludendorff Bridge
in
Remagen
, Germany, collapses, ten days after its capture.
1947
– First flight of the
B-45 Tornado
strategic bomber
.
1948
– The
Benelux
, France, and the United Kingdom sign the
Treaty of Brussels
, a precursor to the
North Atlantic Treaty
establishing
NATO
.
1950
– Researchers at the
University of California, Berkeley
announce the creation of element 98, which they name "
californium
".
1957
– A
plane crash
in
Cebu
,
Philippines
kills
Philippine President
Ramon Magsaysay
and 24 others.
1958
– The United States launches the
Vanguard 1
satellite
.
1959
–
Tenzin Gyatso
, the 14th
Dalai Lama
, flees
Tibet
for India.
1960
– U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
signs the
National Security Council
directive on the anti-
Cuban
covert action program that will ultimately lead to the
Bay of Pigs Invasion
.
1963
–
Mount Agung
erupted on
Bali
killing more than 1,100 people.
1966
– Off the coast of Spain in the Mediterranean, the
submarine
finds a missing American
hydrogen bomb
.
1968
– As a result of
nerve gas
testing in
Skull Valley, Utah
, over 6,000 sheep are
found dead
.
1969
–
Golda Meir
becomes the first female
Prime Minister of Israel
.
1970
–
My Lai Massacre
: The United States Army charges 14 officers with suppressing information related to the incident.
1973
– The
Pulitzer Prize
-winning photograph
Burst of Joy
is taken, depicting a former
prisoner of war
being reunited with his family, which came to symbolize the end of United States involvement in the
Vietnam War
.
1979
– The
Penmanshiel Tunnel
collapses during engineering works, killing two workers.
1985
–
Serial killer
Richard Ramirez
, aka the "Night Stalker", commits the first two murders in his Los Angeles murder spree.
1988
– A
Colombian
Boeing 727
jetliner
,
Avianca Flight 410
, crashes into a mountainside near the
Venezuelan
border killing 143.
1988 –
Eritrean War of Independence
: The Nadew Command, an
Ethiopian
army corps in
Eritrea
, is attacked on three sides by military units of the
Eritrean People's Liberation Front
in the opening action of the
Battle of Afabet
.
1992
–
Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires
:
Suicide
car bomb
attack kills 29 and injures 242.
1992 – A
referendum to end apartheid
in South Africa is passed 68.7% to 31.2%.
2000
– Five hundred thirty members of the
Ugandan
cult
Movement for the Restoration of the Ten Commandments of God
die in a fire, considered to be a mass murder or suicide orchestrated by leaders of the cult. Elsewhere another 248 members are later found dead.
2003
–
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Robin Cook
, resigns from the
British Cabinet
in disagreement with government plans for the
2003 invasion of Iraq
.
2004
–
Unrest in Kosovo
: More than 22 are killed and 200 wounded. Thirty-five
Serbian Orthodox
shrines in
Kosovo
and two
mosques
in
Belgrade
and
Niš
are destroyed.
2013
– The largest
meteorite
(since
NASA
started observing the Moon in 2005) hit the Moon.
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