The
Kingdom of Iraq ( ) was founded on 23 August 1921 under
British administration following the defeat of the
Ottoman Empire in the
Mesopotamian campaign of
WWI. Although a
League of Nations mandate was awarded to Britain in 1920, the
1920 Iraqi revolt resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favor of a British administered semi-independent kingdom, under the
Hashemite allies of Britain, via the
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty. The kingdom of Iraq was granted full independence in 1932, following the
Anglo-Iraqi Treaty (1930). The independent Iraqi Kingdom under the Hashemite rulers underwent a period of turbulence through its entire existence. Establishment of Sunni religious domination in Iraq was followed by
Assyrian,
Yazidi and
Shi'a unrests, which were all brutally suppressed. In 1936, the
first military coup took place in the Kingdom of Iraq, as
Bakr Sidqi succeeded in replacing the acting Prime Minister with his associate. Multiple coups followed in a period of political instability, peaking in 1941.