Khosrow II (
Chosroes II in classical sources;
Middle Persian:
Husro(y)), entitled "
Aparvez" ("The Victorious"), also
Khusraw Parvez (
New Persian: ), was the last great king of the
Sasanian Empire, reigning from 590 to 628. He was the son of
Hormizd IV (reigned 579–590) and the grandson of
Khosrow I (reigned 531–579). He was the last king of Persia to have a lengthy reign before the
Muslim conquest of Iran, which began five years after his death by execution. He lost his throne, then recovered it with Roman help, and, a decade later, went on to emulate the feats of the
Achaemenids, conquering the rich
Roman provinces of the
Middle East; much of his reign was spent in wars with the
Byzantine Empire and struggling against usurpers such as
Bahram Chobin and
Vistahm.