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Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period
Jerusalem during the Second Temple Period
refers to the city of
Jerusalem
(the principal city of
Judea
) during the
period from 538 BCE to 70 CE
. This phase of the city's history encompasses the
Achaemenid (Persian) rule over the city
until its destruction by the
Roman Empire
during the
First Jewish–Roman War
. In
Jewish history
this timespan is known as the
Second Temple period
or
Second Commonwealth
which saw both region and city change hands several times. It was the center of religious life for all Jews, even those who lived in the
diaspora
prayed towards Jerusalem on a daily basis and made
pilgrimages during religious festivals
. Jerusalem was fertile grounds for religious creativity; the
Pharisees
of
Second Temple Judaism
developed into the
Tannaim
and
Judaism's post-Exilic religious identity as it continues today
, and the
Jewish Bible was likely canonized
though exactly when this occurred remains disputed. It was also in Jerusalem during the later stages of this period that
Christianity was born
.
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