Image stabilization (
IS) is a family of techniques used to reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure. Generally, it compensates for pan and tilt (angular movement, equivalent to yaw and pitch) of the imaging device, although electronic image stabilization can also be used to compensate for rotation. It is used in
image-stabilized binoculars,
still and
video cameras, astronomical
telescopes, and also
smartphones, mainly the high-end. With
still cameras, camera shake is particularly problematic at slow
shutter speeds or with long focal length (
telephoto or
zoom) lenses. With
video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame
jitter in the recorded video. In astronomy, the problem of lens-shake is added to by variations in the atmosphere over time, which will cause the apparent positions of objects to change.