Cavendish is the surname of a British noble family, also known as the House of Cavendish. This Cavendish family has been one of the richest and most influential aristocratic families in England since the 16th century, and has been rivalled in political influence perhaps only by the Marquesses of Salisbury and the Earls of Derby. They are descended from Sir John Cavendish of Cavendish in the county of Suffolk (c. 1346–1381), which has held the following peerages:

• The dukedom of Devonshire
• The dukedom of Newcastle
• The barony of Waterpark