George Soros ( or ; ; ; born August 12, 1930, as Schwartz György) is a business magnate, investor, philanthropist, and author who is of Jewish-Hungarian ancestry and holds dual citizenship (Hungary and the United States). He is chairman of Soros Fund Management. He is known as "The Man Who Broke the Bank of England" because of his short sale of worth of pounds, making him a profit of $1 billion during the 1992 Black Wednesday UK currency crisis. Soros is one of the 30 richest people in the world.