Erythroxylum (Erythroxylon) is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the drug cocaine; Erythroxylum coca, a native of South America, is the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, Erythroxylum vacciniifolium (also known as Catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. Erythroxylum species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several Morpho species and Dalcera abrasa, which has been recorded on E. deciduum, and the species of Agrias. Species include:

• Erythroxylum amazonicum
• Erythroxylum areolatum
• Erythroxylum argentatum
• Erythroxylum australe - Brigalow Erythroxylum Shrub
• Erythroxylum brownianum
• Erythroxylum campestre
• Erythroxylum carinatus
• Erythroxylum cataractarum
• Erythroxylum citrifolium
• Erythroxylum coca - coca
• Erythroxylum cumanense
• Erythroxylum deciduum
• Erythroxylum ecarinatum - Brown Plum
• Erythroxylum ellipticum - Kerosene Wood or Turpentine Tree
• Erythroxylum fimbriatum
• Erythroxylum glaucum
• Erythroxylum gracilipes
• Erythroxylum hypericifolium
• Erythroxylum impressum
• Erythroxylum incrassatum
• Erythroxylum laurifolium
• Erythroxylum lucidum
• Erythroxylum macrocnemum
• Erythroxylum macrophyllum
• Erythroxylum mamacoca
• Erythroxylum monogynum
• Erythroxylum montanum
• Erythroxylum mucronatum
• Erythroxylum novogranatense - Colombian Coca & Trujillo Coca
• Erythroxylum ovalifolium
• Erythroxylum ovatum
• Erythroxylum panamense
• Erythroxylum pelleterianum
• Erythroxylum pulchrum
• Erythroxylum recurrens
• Erythroxylum retusum
• Erythroxylum rotundifolium
• Erythroxylum shatoni
• Erythroxylum steyermarkii
• Erythroxylum ulei
• Erythroxylum vacciniifolium, syn. Erythroxylum catuaba - Catuaba
• Erythroxylum zambesiacum
• Erythroxylum zeylanicum