Elizabeth Pakenham, Dowager Countess of Longford, CBE, better known as Elizabeth Longford (30 August 1906 – 23 October 2002) was a British historian. She was a member of the Royal Society of Literature and was on the board of trustees of the National Portrait Gallery in London. She is best known as a historian, especially for her biographies of 19th century luminaries such as Queen Victoria (1964), Lord Byron (1976) and the Duke of Wellington (2 vol 1969).