The
Efik are an ethnic group located primarily in southeastern
Nigeria, in the southern part of
Cross River State. The Efik speak the
Efik language which is a Benue–Congo language of the
Cross River family. The Efik migrated down the
Cross River from Arochukwu and founded numerous settlements in the
Calabar and Creek Town area. They had sojourned from Nubia through to Ghana and then Arochukwu in present day Nigeria. After staying there for about 400 years as guests (11th - 15th century), they left after a disagreement with the Aros. The bulk of them left to Uruan in present day Akwa Ibom State, some to Eniong and surrounding areas. They stayed in Uruan for about a hundred or so years and then moved to Ikpa Ene and Ndodihi briefly before crossing over to their final destination in Creek Town (Esit Edik / Obio Oko). Creek Town and its environs are often commonly referred to as
Calabar, and its people as
Calabar people, after the European name
Calabar Kingdom given to the state [in present-day
Cross River State. Calabar is not to be confused with the
Kalabari Kingdom in
Rivers State which is an
Ijaw state to its west. Cross River State with
Akwa Ibom State was formerly one of the original twelve states of Nigeria known as the Southeastern State.