The
Kingdom of Croatia (; ), after a period of rule of kings from the
Trpimirovic and Svetoslavic dynasties and a succession crisis following the death of king
Demetrius Zvonimir, entered a union with the
Kingdom of Hungary in 1102. With the coronation of King
Coloman of Hungary as "King of Croatia and Dalmatia" in 1102 in
Biograd, the realm passed to the
Árpád dynasty until 1301, when the (male) line of the dynasty died out. Then, kings from the
Capetian House of Anjou, who were also cognatic descendants of the Árpád kings, ruled the kingdoms. Later centuries were characterized by conflicts with the Mongols, who sacked
Zagreb in 1242, competition with
Venice for control over
Dalmatian coastal cities, and internal warfare among
Croatian nobility. Various powerful nobles emerged in the time period, like
Paul I Šubic of Bribir and
Hrvoje Vukcic Hrvatinic, that secured
de facto independence for their realms. The
Ottoman incursion into Europe in the 16th century significantly reduced Croatian territories and left the country weak and divided. The last common king was
Louis II from the
Jagiellonian dynasty. After his death in 1526 during the
Battle of Mohács and a brief period of dynastic dispute, both crowns passed to the Austrian
House of Habsburg, and the realms became part of the
Habsburg Monarchy.