Chagas disease, also known as
American trypanosomiasis, is a
tropical parasitic disease caused by the
protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as
Triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild, and may include fever, swollen
lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the
ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to
heart failure. An
enlarged esophagus or an
enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.