Camas County is a county in the southern portion of the U.S. state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,117 making it the second-least populous county in Idaho. The county seat is Fairfield. The county was created by the Idaho Legislature on February 6, 1917, by a partition of Blaine County. It is named for the camas root, or Camassia, a lily-like plant with an edible bulb found in the region, which was used as a food source by Native Americans and settlers.