Johan August Strindberg ( : /ˈstrindˌbɜrj/; 22 January 1849 – 14 May 1912) was a
Swedish playwright, novelist, poet, essayist and painter. A prolific writer who often drew directly on his personal experience, Strindberg's career spanned four decades, during which time he wrote over 60 plays and more than 30 works of fiction, autobiography, history, cultural analysis, and politics. A bold experimenter and iconoclast throughout, he explored a wide range of dramatic methods and purposes, from naturalistic
tragedy,
monodrama, and history plays, to his anticipations of
expressionist and
surrealist dramatic techniques. From his earliest work, Strindberg developed innovative forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition. He is considered the "father" of modern
Swedish literature and his
The Red Room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern Swedish novel.