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August 21
Events
1140
–
Song dynasty
general
Yue Fei
defeats an army led by
Jin dynasty
general
Wanyan Wuzhu
at the
Battle of Yancheng
during the
Jin–Song Wars
.
1192
–
Minamoto no Yoritomo
becomes
Seii Tai Shōgun
and the
de facto
ruler of Japan. (Traditional
Japanese date
: July 12, 1192)
1331
– King
Stefan Uroš III
, after
months of anarchy
, surrenders to his son and rival
Stefan Dušan
, who succeeds as
King of Serbia
.
1680
–
Pueblo Indians
capture
Santa Fe
from the Spanish during the
Pueblo Revolt
.
1689
– The
Battle of Dunkeld
in Scotland.
1770
–
James Cook
formally claims eastern Australia for
Great Britain
, naming it
New South Wales
.
1772
– King
Gustav III
completes his
coup d'état
by adopting a new
Constitution
, ending
half a century of parliamentary rule
in Sweden and installing himself as an
enlightened despot
.
1778
–
American Revolutionary War
: British forces
begin besieging
the French outpost at
Pondichéry
.
1808
–
Battle of Vimeiro
:
British
and
Portuguese
forces led by General
Arthur Wellesley
defeat
French
force under Major-General
Jean-Andoche Junot
near the village of
Vimeiro
, Portugal, the first Anglo-Portuguese victory of the
Peninsular War
.
1810
–
Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
,
Marshal of France
, is elected
Crown Prince
of Sweden by the Swedish
Riksdag of the Estates
.
1821
–
Jarvis Island
is discovered by the crew of the ship,
Eliza Frances
.
1831
–
Nat Turner
leads black slaves and free blacks in a rebellion in
Southampton County, Virginia
.
1852
– Tlingit Indians destroy
Fort Selkirk
,
Yukon Territory
.
1863
–
Lawrence, Kansas
is destroyed by
Confederate
guerrillas
Quantrill's Raiders
in the
Lawrence Massacre
.
1879
– The Virgin Mary, along with St. Joseph and St. John the Evangelist, reportedly
appears
at
Knock Shrine
in
Knock, County Mayo
, Ireland.
1883
–
An F5 tornado
strikes
Rochester, Minnesota
, leading to the creation of the
Mayo Clinic
.
1888
– The first successful
adding machine
in the United States is patented by
William Seward Burroughs
.
1897
–
Oldsmobile
, a brand of American automobiles, is founded.
1901
– The
International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres
is founded in
Copenhagen
.
1911
– The
Mona Lisa
is
stolen
by a
Louvre
employee.
1914
–
World War I
: The
Battle of Charleroi
, a successful German attack across the River
Sambre
which pre-empted a French offensive in the same area.
1918
– World War I: The
Second Battle of the Somme
begins.
1942
–
World War II
: The flag of
Nazi Germany
is installed atop the
Mount Elbrus
, the highest peak of the
Caucasus
mountain range.
1942 – World War II: The
Guadalcanal Campaign
: American forces defeat an attack by
Imperial Japanese Army
soldiers in the
Battle of the Tenaru
.
1944
–
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
, prelude to the
United Nations
, begins.
1944 – World War II: Canadian and Polish units
capture
the strategically important town of
Falaise, Calvados
, France.
1945
– Physicist
Harry K. Daghlian, Jr.
is fatally irradiated in a
criticality accident
during an experiment with the
Demon core
at
Los Alamos National Laboratory
.
1957
– The
Soviet Union
successfully conducts a long-range test flight of the
R-7 Semyorka
, the first
intercontinental ballistic missile
.
1959
–
United States President
Dwight D. Eisenhower
signs an executive order proclaiming Hawaii the 50th state of the union. Hawaii's admission is currently commemorated by
Hawaii Admission Day
1961
–
Motown
releases what would be its first #1 hit, "
Please Mr. Postman
" by
The Marvelettes
.
1963
–
Xá Lợi Pagoda raids
: The
Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces
loyal to
Ngô Đình Nhu
, brother of President
Ngo Dinh Diem
, vandalizes
Buddhist
pagodas across the country, arresting thousands and leaving an estimated hundreds dead.
1968
–
Nicolae Ceaușescu
, leader of
Communist Romania
, publicly condemns the
Soviet
led
Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia
, encouraging the
Romanian
population to arm itself against possible Soviet reprisals.
1968 –
James Anderson, Jr.
posthumously receives the first
Medal of Honor
to be awarded to an
African American
U.S. Marine
.
1969
– An Australian,
Denis Michael Rohan
, sets the
Al-Aqsa Mosque
on fire, a major catalyst of the formation of the
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
.
1971
– A bomb exploded in the
Liberal Party
campaign rally in
Plaza Miranda
,
Manila
,
Philippines
with several anti-
Marcos
political candidates injured.
1976
–
Operation Paul Bunyan
at
Panmunjom
, South Korea.
1979
– Soviet dancer
Alexander Godunov
defects to the United States.
1982
–
Lebanese Civil War
: The first troops of a
multinational force
lands in
Beirut
to oversee the
Palestine Liberation Organization
's withdrawal from
Lebanon
.
1983
– Philippine opposition leader
Benigno Aquino, Jr.
is
assassinated
at the Manila International Airport (now renamed
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
in his honor).
1986
– Carbon dioxide gas erupts from
volcanic
Lake Nyos
in
Cameroon
, killing up to 1,800 people within a 20-kilometer range.
1991
–
Latvia
declares renewal of its full independence after the occupation of Soviet Union.
1991 –
Coup attempt
against
Mikhail Gorbachev
collapses.
1992
–
Ruby Ridge
Standoff in
Idaho
1993
–
NASA
loses contact with the
Mars Observer
spacecraft.
2001
–
NATO
decides to send a peace-keeping force to the former
Yugoslav
Republic of Macedonia
.
2001 – The
Red Cross
announces that a famine is striking
Tajikistan
, and calls for international financial aid for Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan
.
2013
– Hundreds of people are reported killed by
chemical attacks
in the
Ghouta
region of
Syria
.
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